You get a lot of information about whether a pattern will fit you by measuring the flat pattern pieces and comparing those dimensions to your body’s dimensions. That’s what I’m covering in Part 2 of the pants-sewing series: the ins and outs of altering pants pattern pieces.
If you haven’t read Part 1, please go back and check it out: Sewing Pants, Part 1: The Measurements You Need for Success. Part 2 will confuse the bejesus out of you if you don’t have context.
Also, for the record, this post on altering pants pattern pieces is my longest post ever! So, take this article slow. If you’re test driving this pants-fitting technique, you’ll probably have to read it more than once.
AND — I have to state, as I did in Part 1, that I’m NOT a pants-fitting expert. I learned this technique for altering a pants pattern from sewing educator Cynthia Guffey. If it’s a method that you’d like more information on, check out her website, where you can find fitting books and videos.
OK, pressing on! I hope I haven’t freaked you out, LOL. This technique isn’t difficult, but because there are so many measurements in the mix, it’s a bit fiddly. BUT — because there ARE so many measurements in the mix, I think you can supremely fine tune the fit. There’s potential here to sew the best-fitting pants of your life. Take your time and believe in yourself! Sewing pants is within your reach! I believe your butt can look cute! Woo, cute butts!
For your reference, these are the pants I made using this technique. I talk about these pants in this post:
From Measurements to Altering Pants Pattern Pieces
In Part 1, you took measurements. Like, a gazillion measurements. And you recorded them in a mega-sized table.
In Part 2, you can discard your body-measuring attire and put your regular clothes back on. Now that you’re comfortable again, here’s what you need:
- a pants pattern
- the mega-sized table filled with your measurements
- tissue paper
- clear plastic quilting ruler with a grid — 2 x 18 inch or 6 x 24 inch work great
- scissors
- Scotch tape
- measuring tape
- different colored pens — it can be nice to mark pattern changes in different colors, and pen doesn’t smear like pencil
Pick the size that you think will work best for you. Refer to finished measurements, if possible. Don’t get too hung up on choosing a size, because you’ll be making gobs of adjustments.
The following adjustments must be made in this order!
Marking the Sewing Pattern Pieces
Before you can compare pattern piece measurements to your body measurements, you have to prep the pattern.
1.) Cut out the (traced, if you please) front and back pattern pieces.
If the pattern has front slant pockets, cut out the pocket piece, too, and pin it to the front pattern piece, matching symbols. And if you’re using a tissue-paper pattern, give it a gentle, dry press to remove wrinkles.
2.) Mark ALL seam allowances.
Seam allowances are the backbone of the flat-pattern measurements!
3.) Mark grainline from top to bottom.
My fitting instructor, Guffey, showed us how to find grainline. Fold the pattern piece in half at the bottom edge, inseam and outseam touching. This is the center of the hem; mark it.
Make a fold, about three inches long, from the center of the hem up toward the top of the pants. This fold should be perpendicular to the bottom edge. Draw a straight line in the valley of the fold.
Using a gridded ruler to make sure the line is straight, continue the line to the top of the pattern piece. This is the grainline!
Guffey said it’s common for the grainline on the printed pattern to NOT be the true grainline.
4.) Mark crotch depth.
The crotch depth line is perpendicular to the grainline and (surprise!) passes through the crotch. (This is one reason it’s important the grainline extends from top to bottom.)
5.) Mark the hem and knee point.
Read your pattern instructions to determine hem depth. Draw a line at the hem depth, perpendicular to the grainline.
Using the grainline as a guide, fold up the hem depth line to meet the crotch depth line. Mark the valley of the fold with a straight line. This is the knee point, and the knee point should be perpendicular to the grainline.
Now you’re ready to compare measurements! Bust out your table. This is where your tape measure gets a serious workout.
For each element, I’m going to share how to measure the flat pattern piece and how to adjust it based on your body measurements. I will cover how to make adjustments for the front and back pattern pieces under each element.
Also: If your hips are uneven, keep reading to the end. The following directions are for even hips.
Waist Slope
Back
Draw a line perpendicular to the grainline from the side seam to the center back. This is zero slope (think X-axis marked 0).
Calculate the difference between the right side to floor measurement and the center back to floor measurement. Record the difference. (There’s not a great place on the table for this, but it’s important to WRITE DOWN all adjustments you make!)
Use the difference to draw a new cutting line. For example, if center back to floor is 1 inch lower than right side to floor, mark 1 inch below the zero slope.
The new cutting line now gently curves from the side seam to the mark 1 inch below zero slope.
Front
Follow waist slope for back directions, substituting center front for center back.
If center front to floor is higher than right hip to floor (e.g., 1/4 inch higher), mark 1/4 inch above zero slope. Draw the new cutting line.
Crotch Depth
Back
Turn your tape measure to the side (skinny edge). Measure from the waist seam to the crotch depth line along the outseam seam allowance. Record the measurement on the table.
Calculate the difference between your body and the pattern and record on the table.
If your body crotch depth is longer, slash and spread the pattern piece above the crotch line to make the crotch depths the same. (This is where you’ll need tissue paper, tape, and scissors.)
If your body crotch depth is shorter, take a tuck in the pattern.
Front
Make the same length adjustment to the front pattern piece as you did to the back.
Crotch Curve
Back
Here’s where you transfer the crotch curve captured with a flexible ruler to the back pattern piece.
Trace your curve shape. A flat(ter) crotch curve will be toward the inside of the pattern’s original crotch curve. A round(er) crotch curve will be toward the outside of the pattern’s original crotch curve.
This traced line is a stitching line (seam allowance). Now adjust your pattern piece’s cutting line (and seam allowance).
Front
Guffey didn’t have us capture the front crotch curve with a flexible ruler, so there’s nothing here for your to do!
Crotch Length
Back
Turn the tape measure on its side. Measure from the center back waist seam along the new crotch seam allowance to its intersection with the inseam seam allowance. Record in the table.
Ready for some math-a-magic? Great!
Multiply the body crotch length by 0.55. Fifty-five percent of the total crotch length should be in the back crotch.
Calculate the difference between the pattern length and the 55 percent number. Record in the table.
Make crotch length adjustments by adding or subtracting from the inseam as necessary.
Front
So, if 55 percent of the total crotch length is in the back, that means 45 percent is in the front.
Measure the pattern’s front crotch length, from the center front waist seam along the front crotch seam allowance to its intersection with the inseam seam allowance.
Like you did with the back crotch length, compare the 45 percent number to the pattern measurement. Add or subtract length as needed at the inseam.
Hip Width
Back
Mark 2-inch increments — 2, 4, 6, 8 — and the largest hip point along the outseam seam allowance. Measure across the back hip at each increment and record the measurement in the table.
The next step is calculating the difference between the pattern and body measurements. But before you can do this, you must divide your body measurements in half. For example, let’s say your body back hip width at 2 inches measures 17.25 inches. The pattern back hip at 2 inches measures 9.5 inches.
9.5 – (17.25 / 2)
9.5 – 8.625
= 0.875 [this is 7/8 inches]
In the example, the pattern is 7/8 inches wider than the body measurement.
Record the differences for all the increments in the table. Now, add or subtract these differences from the pattern side seam. Going back to the example, at the 2-inch mark, subtract 7/8 inches from the side seam. (In the illustration, the differences are red dots, and the new side seam is light blue.)
I have a couple of notes about hip width:
1.) When measuring across the hip, don’t include the lower crotch curve/upper inseam wedge. This part of the pattern curves inside the leg and isn’t captured when you measure across the hip.
2.) For a lot of us with female human bodies, there’s an indentation about 8 inches below the waistline. (For me, it’s the high point of the leg opening at the side of my undies. You can see it in this silhouette of my body.) You don’t want to fit this indentation. In her “Pants Fitting Workbook,” Guffey writes, “Start at the largest part of the hip maintaining a smooth line, but do not abruptly angle in at the waist.”
3.) If the pants have back darts, don’t fold the darts when measuring the flat pattern.
Front
Measure the front hip width like the back hip width. If the pattern has a front fly, don’t include the fly extension in the flat pattern measurements.
If the pattern has pleats, fold the pleats and carefully measure over the bubbled-up area. This excess is design ease and shouldn’t be included in the measurements.
If the pattern has slant pockets, you’ll have to make adjustments to those side seams, too.
Waist Width
Back and Front
Guffey taught the class to adjust waist width, back and front, with darts and pleats, respectively. She cautioned against angling the side seam too aggressively at the waist.
I think the best way to make dart and pleat adjustments is to baste up your pants (after you’ve made all the other flat pattern adjustments) and see what’s going on. If you need things tighter/looser, play with the back darts and front pleats. I think waist adjustments are more art than science.
Per Guffey’s advice, I added pleats to my pants to take in my front waist even though the pattern didn’t call for them.
I know that pleats can be controversial. I wasn’t hot on them, either, but I figured that if I’d put this much effort into a pants-fitting class, I should listen to the instructor.
If you are dead-set against pleats, I think you could fiddle with the side seams of your muslin and get to where you want to be. But I definitely think back darts and the center back seam need to be part of the fiddling, too. Again, art not a science. Be patient with yourself!
Waist to Knee
Back
Turn your tape measure to the side and measure from the waist seam to the knee point. Compare this measurement to your body waist to knee measurement and calculate the difference. Record on the table.
Add (slash) or subtract (tuck) accordingly at a line perpendicular to the grainline about 5-6 inches above the knee point.
Front
Add or subtract the same amount from the same location.
Finished Length
Back
Turn your tape measure to the side and measure from the waist seam to the hem (not the bottom of the pattern piece, but the line that represents where the bottom of the finished pants will be).
Compare this measurement to your body finished pants length measurement and calculate the difference. Record on the table.
Add (slash) or subtract (tuck) accordingly at a line perpendicular to the grainline about 6-7 inches below the knee point.
Front
Add or subtract the same amount from the same location.
Waistband
Guffey told us to throw out any waistband pieces that came with a pattern and draft our own. And, if you’ve made a bunch of adjustments, it makes sense why she’d say that.
Once you have your pants fitting great in the waist, transfer those adjustments to your front and back pattern pieces.
Mark (or remark) the waist seam on the front and back. Fold the pleats and darts.
Now turn your tape measure to the side and measure the waist seam. You’ll use this measurement to draft your own waistband! Don’t forget about seam allowances, and mark sewing landmarks — side seams, center back, center front, etc. — to make attaching it to your pants easy peasy.
When I drafted the waistband for my pants, I left extra length at the front to make sure everything around the fly went smoothly. Food for thought.
What If Your Hips are Uneven?
If your hips are uneven, you have a bit more work to do. Trace left and right leg pattern pieces for back and front (for four total pieces).
Waist Slope
Use the smaller difference to slope at the center and the larger difference to slope at the waist. Above is an example for the back.
I struggled to write directions for the uneven hip waist slope directions. Here, pictures do the work for me!
Crotch Depth
Use the lower side measurement and make the same adjustment to all pattern pieces.
Hip Width
Apply all those left and right hip measurements to the left and right pattern pieces. (I know this is a lot of work, but think about how AMAZING your pants will be! SUPER customized! Keep going!)
Waist to Knee
Use the lower side measurement and make that adjustment to all pattern pieces.
Finished Length
Use the lower side measurement and make that adjustment to all pattern pieces.
Whew, I AM EXHAUSTED! I bet you’re tired, too! Altering pants pattern pieces is a lot of work, guys. But in the end, aren’t amazing-fitting pants worth it? Of course.
FYI: This is Part 2 of three parts. In Part 3, I’ll talk about the making a pair of pants using this technique and give some final thoughts.
OK, I’m ready for questions about adjustments! Please lay them on me in the comments, and I’ll do my best to answer them. Remember, I’m not a pants-fitting expert, but I’m reporting out on my experience taking this class. Guffey goes into more detail in her pants-fitting book, which I recommend.
P.S. ICYMI, here’s the previous post: Sewing Plans for November 2017 and the TNT Blues.
P.P.S. If you like this post, I’ve got gobs of other sewing resources for you! They live under “Sewing Resources” tab in the menu at the top of the page. Here’s your shortcut to my hard-earned sewing kernels of wisdom.
P.P.P.S. Here are the links to the other two parts of this three-part series (in case you forgot, what you’re looking at right now is Part 2):
Sewing Pants, Part 1: The Measurements You Need for Success
Sewing Pants, Part 3: A Completed Pair of Hampshire Trousers
Thank you for putting so much time and effort into these posts and all for free! I’ve saved both these posts and will be referring to them very soon! It’s hard to commit so much time into prep like this but having made 3 or 4 pairs of trousers that don’t fit and which I don’t know how to adjust maybe it’s time to stop wasting time and fabric and put the effort in at the pattern stage.
I think you’re on the right track! It’s a lot of work at the the pattern stage, but if you end up with a pair of pants that fit well, you’ll wear them WAY more hours than you put into them! It’s just fiddly, that’s all.
Thanks for reading! And please share this if you think other sewists would find it useful! 😀
Hi Erin, Thanks so very much for taking the time and effort to share all this wonderful information.
This series will be a huge, HUGE help to those of us who are not in US who cannot attend the amazing Cynthia Guffey’s seminars in person. I have two of her DailyCraft classes and think she’s really super.
You’re welcome, Kay! Guffey is a powerhouse. I’m glad you’re enjoying her instruction. 😀
Hi, I’m trying to figure this out. Do you use waist measurements based on the first alteration? I’m confused because it does not look like the new cutting line is used in the subsequent alterations. Please advise. Thank you!
Hi, Peggy! Thanks for reading.
Good observation. Yes, you use the waist measurements based on the first alteration (wherein you alter the waist slope). I didn’t show an adjusted waist slope in the following illustrations because I wanted to focus on the adjustment at hand – crotch depth, crotch curve, etc. I wanted to show ONE adjustment at a time; does that make sense? According to Guffey, you must make the adjustment in the order I show.
Please LMK if you have other questions!
Thank you Erin. I will start over. I used the surefit mock up for comparison (which didn’t work very well). I am now on my 5th iteration. Bu my brain, tired as it is, seems to be gaining some 3-d understanding it didn’t have before.
Good luck, Peggy! Keep at it!
Hi Erin,
I sent payment for the Cynthia Guffey pants book, but they never delivered and don’t respond to emails. Do you know if they are still in business?
thanks,
Peggy
I think so? Here are some suggestions:
-Guffey has online classes through Martha Pullen: https://licensing.marthapullen.com/catalog. You could try reaching out to Martha Pullen for contact info.
-Guffey teaches at the Original Sewing and Quilt Expo. I found a listing for her: http://www.sewingexpo.com/Events/Novi,MI/MeettheTeachers.aspx. You could try getting in touch with the expo for contact info.
Good luck!
Hi Erin!
Does this method work as a jersey pattern too? I’m trying to make tights/leggings and I can’t find a good pattern block for knitted/jersey fabrics?
Thanks,
Charlotte
Hey, Charlotte. Thanks for reading!
This method will not work for leggings, because leggings have negative ease – the dimensions of the garment are SMALLER than your body’s dimensions because the fabric has stretch.
BUT – I have a suggestion for you – the Made-to-Measure leggings from SewHere.com are drafted to your body’s dimensions, ensuring a custom fit. I blogged about taking the M2M class: https://siemachtsewingblog.com/2018/05/made-to-measure-leggings-online-sewing-class-review/. Not a sponsor or an ad; I had a great experience with this class/pattern. Good luck & LMK what happens!
Hi Erin. This is a really great article, but what about accounting for wearing / design ease? It seems if body measurements are used without any calculation for ease built into pattern, the resulting garment would be skin tight? Your final project isn’t; did I miss something?
Hi, Amanda! Thanks for reading, and ask for your question, and I totally get why you’re asking. It’s kinda hard to wrap your head around; it’s hard for ME to wrap my head around. I just know in the end, it works.
I think the idea is that you compare your body (ease-less) measurement against the measurement of the pattern at the same point between the seam allowances. Then you add/subtract the difference at the seam allowance. I think what happens is that the design/wear ease then becomes proportional to your ease-less body measurement. The crux of all this is working from the seam allowance and not the edge of the pattern piece.
Does this make more sense to you? It’s kind of a re-hash of what I said the post (under the Hip Width > Back subheader). I hope this answer is satisfying; I feel like I’m kinda punting here – sorry! 😐
Hi Erin, I am currently trying to mark the grainline and I am finding it incredibly hard to trust my ability to comprehend your instructions. Should my grainline be the “fold” that is created when I fold the bottom part of my pattern with the edges of the pattern outlines touching? I feel as if I don’t want to mess this up as it seems to be a very important step 😅
Hi, Cynthia! Thanks for reading!
Yes, finding the grainline is important. The grainline should be perpendicular – at 90 degrees – to the hem (bottom edge of pants pattern piece). You’re correct – the grainline is in the fold created when you touch the inner and outer edges of the pattern piece. Another way to think of it – the fold is the Y-axis and the bottom edge of the pants pattern pieces is the X-axis. The grainline is the Y-axis.
Hope this helps!
Hello Erin,
I first read your blog a few months ago and thought it was the path to true pants nirvana! Then I got busy and let it stew in the back of my mind. Now I’m back. I’ve measured, I’ve sketched, I’ve ordered a trouser pattern and now realise that there is little information (anywhere!) about transferring a sloper to a commercial pattern. What about design ease? I know you address this in another comment above – but where does one begin? Have you made more trousers with your sloper or was this a one off? It’s disheartening to think that all that sloper work can’t be transferred to a commercial pattern in a logical and systematic way. Have you learned anything more about this? thanks. It’s really the best description of tackling well-fitting trousers. -Julie
Hi, Julie! Thanks for reading, and thanks for your kind words. <3
When it comes to transferring good fitting stuff from a sloper to another pattern, you have to line up landmarks. For example, compare the vertical location of the full hip on the sloper to the vertical location of the full hip on the commercial pattern. If the commercial hip is LOWER than the sloper hip, you'll need to lower the commercial hip. From there you can compare the commercial hip circumference to your sloper hip circumference and make adjustments (add width or subtract width). Is this clear?
I wrote a post not too long ago about measuring flat pattern pieces: Flat Pattern Measuring for Fit Adjustments. I think it might be a good complement to THIS blog post. BTW, I also cover ease in the flat pattern measuring post…
Which leads me to a few words about ease – There’s wearing ease and design ease. Wearing ease is the extra space you need to get into and move around in a garment. Design ease is ease on top of wearing ease. (There’s also negative ease for tight knit garments, but we don’t need to get into that here.)
In the flat pattern piece measuring post, I share a table for wearing ease for different measurements (bust circumference, back width, etc.). Check it out! I also share a formula for calculating design ease…
(Finished Garment Measurement – Size Measurement) – Wearing Ease = Design Ease
If you had a pants sloper that made you happy, you could figure out its design ease and compare it to the design ease of a commercial pattern you’d like to make. Then you’d have a sense of how the patterns relate to each other in terms of design ease/fullness/volume.
I *think* if you look at the flat pattern piece measuring post your questions might be cleared up. Hopefully!
As much as we’d like pants fitting to be a science, I think it’s more of an art, b/c it’s really hard to know how pants are going to work on your body until they’re on you’re body. Sigh. You can get pretty close with pre-sewing adjustments, but a muslin ALWAYS will give you the best guidance.
Good luck!
Hi Erin, thank you for your thoughtful reply. Every time I try to make pants, I enter a sewing spiral that can last for days! (I don’t try very often). I’m measuring and remeasuring and then losing my measurements sheet and, well you get the idea. Your site is so helpful.
I just found a really good tutorial on fitting. https://www.inhousepatternsstudio.com/blog?tag=fitting+pants
kind regards,
Julie
Thanks for sharing, Julie, and good luck!